The interpretation of these two numbers is that Team A was twice as fast as Team B (and also that it was faster and different). Team A finished before Team B, but these two numbers tell nothing about the time between the two crossings.įinally, the bottom row again shows an 8 and a 16, which are the number of hours required to finish the race. Of course, the two different orders also tell us that there were two different teams. These two numbers indicate the order of crossing the finish line. Now look at the next pair of scores which are also 8 and 16.
Table 4.2 Measurements of two teams on three variables in an adventure race Thing measured What can you say about the two teams based on these two numbers? The two numbers tell you only that they are two different teams and nothing more. Look at the first line, an 8 and a 16, which are the identification numbers of the two teams. To illustrate, look at Table 4.2, which shows three different measurements for two teams participating in an adventure race. To determine scale of measurement, focus on the object that is being measured and not on the numbers themselves. One way to distinguish among variables is to determine the variable’s scale of measurement. § Demaray, Elting, and Schaefer (2003) describe and compare the five checklists.
*Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition (2004). by difficulty in sustaining attention, by impulsive behavior (as in speaking out of turn), and usu. The power or process of reproducing or recalling what has been learned and retainedĪ syndrome of learning and behavioral problems that is not caused by any serious underlying physical or mental disorder and is characterized esp. Withhold reinforcement for performing a previously reinforced behavior Abruptly remove toys that a child is playing withĢ. State of insecurity and dissatisfaction arising from unresolved problems or unfulfilled needsġ. Table 4.1 Dictionary definitions and operational definitions of psychological terms Psychological variable However, in every case, the operational definition of ADHD tells you what the researcher meant by that concept. Thus, not all studies that refer to ADHD are referring to the same thing. A variable such as ADHD can be measured in different ways by different researchers. Notice in Table 4.1 that several variables have two or more operational definitions. An operational definition adds to that understanding in a special way by telling how the concept is measured. You already know that dictionary definitions almost always help us understand a concept better. Table 4.1 lists six psychological variables, their dictionary definitions and one or more operational definitions. To illustrate operational definitions of psychological concepts, we contrast them with their dictionary definitions. These procedures are connected in a logical way to the concept or condition that is being operationally defined. More formally, an operational definition is a description of the procedures used by the researcher to measure a variable or create levels of a variable.
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT IN STATISTICS ONLINE STATBOOK HOW TO
Conceptual definition: like a dictionary definitionĪn explanation of how to make a measurement is called an operational definition.
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